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THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH CONCERNING THE ECOLOGICAL MATERIALS IN DESIGN AREA

Theoretical research undertaken under the grant has shown environmental technologies and materials. The project proposes the creation of a database of materials and technologies whose environmental impact is less damaging. This database will be needed in the design of new types of consumer goods, by applying Ecoprojecting principles. The database created with the support of the grant documentation, allows the expansion of knowledge and increase research, with positive implications on the international competitiveness of Romanian. The project, through its theme, encourages and educates young researchers in the field of design in the spirit of ecodesign, increasing the quality of scientific research in this field.

The project aimed to study ecological materials, but in parallel studied Ecodesign, technology, design rules of ecological products, life products, and the circuit in nature. So it has been created such an extensive documentary material, using various sources of information. The database created through the work of documentation covered several areas of activity, case studies, and new concepts of ecological products.

Reaching goals: Documentary, case studies, dissemination, have assumed the following activities:

  • Documentation on: History and evolution of ecodesign; ecodesign through materials, technologies, aesthetics; environmental impact on the lives of products and the environment;
  • Procurement of specialist books, guides, software, consumables, SDV-uri;
  • Dissemination of results: The analysis and synthesis results documentation, presentation of results in the scientific communications sessions; environmental analysis of existing products (materials, technologies: making, assembling, packaging, transportation, aesthetic, functional, environmental impact); Presentation and evidence of ecological products, market requirements concerning the ecological products;

Results delivered proposed have been fully accomplished and consist of:

  • Establish a electronic and printed database documentation.
  • Based on the documentation and after receiving advice from some professionals with concerns in the field of: ecology, design, software, technology, chemistry, a material has been made about: the history and evolution of ecodesign, materials, technology and aesthetics of ecological products; the environmental impact on the lives of products and the environment.
  • Theoretical and experimental research carried out has enabled the achievement of scientific papers presented at the session of scientific communications.
  • Under the guidance of teaching staff involved in grant projects there have been conducted license projects that issues addressed in ecodesign.
  • Paper presented to the admission to Ph.D., of a member of the team of researchers from the grant, has a theme that demonstrate concern in ecodesign.

The results have assumed:

  • The case studies with the involvement of young researchers;
  • Implementation of market studies on ecological products;
  • Involving and networking with experts in the fields involved in the researched;
  • Creation of materials necessary for carrying out the activities proposed under the project.

Following the documentation was found that the explosive development of consumer products and manufacturing industries, have resulted in some negative effects on the environment. This has led to the need to introduce measures for environmental protection and conservation of environment, which is manifested by "pressure" on economic and industrial environment (environmental taxes, subsidy for initiatives to prevent polluting, directives and laws of the accountability of producers, coercion market forces for the inclusion of ecologically an evolutionary spiral). To implement these directions there are organizations specialized in environmental problems.

The documentation that has been made allowed highlighting: Structures of European and national environmental, national and European legislation on ecodesign, ecoprojecting notions, ecology, legislative measures and voluntary requirements; history of environmental concerns, environmental trends; Grid with prohibited materials, Analysis of product.

It was found, after documenting that ecology has witnessed a broad development leading to the establishment of a large number of ecological models and sophisticated methodologies, assessment techniques, rules and guidelines for design.


Environmental problems (environmental) are difficult to solve because:

  • environmental degradation progresses slowly over a large period of time;
  • events with implications on the environment and their effects are large and evolves slouly in time;
  • Environmental policies should take into consideration the mechanisms of business and market, which hamper finding optimal solutions.

Following the documentation may say that from the environmental issues arising from modern products and related technologies, product design must be adapted to environmental issues, aiming (in addition to aiming high class performance at low cost) to achieve the objective: eco-efficiency through measurable reduced adverse effects on the environment. Involvement in the design of eco-projecting are both important economic, educational, and environmental and default on future generations.

Documentation made showed that the design may require achievement of quality products respecting the environment. Priority goal of promoting design consisting of industrial products by contemporary aesthetic values higher organic structure incorporated into the technical object. Place a priority on the creative product we are analyzing in order to create products that will coincide with the expressed needs, taking into account the ease of use, ease of maintenance, quality, presentation, price, size of unit sales, the composition range of products, duration, if they were all identified opportunities to improve an old product, so that the product meet the requirements and aesthetic norms

It has been developed various methods, tools and software for assessing environmental impact of materials, products and processes.

Given that eco- instruments have a cvasigeneral covering groups of products or processes, the problem of the users (designers, designers, managers) is to identify the appropriate instrument for that specific problem is solved. For a corresponding optimal design is necessary to analyze product design in comparison with other materials, shapes, finishes.


Based on the documentation and case studies were established rules of design, to mitigate environmental damage. These rules can be structured in different directions: corrections (reuse, reduction, recycling, disposal, replacement, redesign, Rethinking), consumption (weight, mass of hazardous substances, energy, packaging weight), the life cycle (design, processing, packaging, distribution, use, scrapping) chemical-biological (noxes, solar effect, cyclical circulation, safety, efficiency).

Were outlined six directions with the following meanings:

  • developing a new concept: dematerialization, broadening the areas of use of the product integration of functions, functional optimization of the product;
  • selecting materials with low impact: purity, regenerabilitatea, low energy processing, recyclability;
  • reduce materials used to reduce weight, reduce the volume;
  • optimizing manufacturing technologies: alternative techniques of production, number of production processes low, low energy consumption, reduced waste, materials technology (consumables) reduced;
  • Optimization of distribution system: packages reusable, efficient transport, logistics efficiency;
  • reducing the environmental impact in use: reduced energy consumption, renewable energy, the reduced supplies, environmental supplies, without waste and auxiliary energy consumption,
  • optimizing initial life time, reliability, durability, easy maintenance and repair, modular structure, etc.

Establishing these things listed above have allowed the guidance of licensed works projects so that concepts of products offered by graduates of specialization design, to satisfy customer demands by providing functional performance, economic profitability, and reliability in equal measure, low environmental impact.

Based on the documentation made it can be concluded that the purpose of environmental design is to minimize the impact (negative effects, damage) of products and processes on the environment throughout the lifecycle, while maximizing the benefits, performance and quality.

The documentation highlighted the main stages of the design process: analysis, planning, task definition, conceptual design, overall design, detailed design, the model-prototype, testing and market launch. These steps will require inspection by environmental methodologies and instruments.

The stage for 2008 of the project was concluded in a complex material that includes: a comprehensive documentary on the overall ecology and its implications on product design, analysis of existing situations and future, identifying key objectives and specific consideration of environmental and social attributes, the list of requirements that define and justify the properties of future product

A chapter of the work includes theoretical and experimental research conducted under the grant and presented at scientific sessions and communications. Are presented in summary the results obtained by students in the business license, projects falling by the way of addressing the concerns of ecodesign field.

To validate the theoretical concepts made by students, were executed by which the prototype is tested, check whether the set of initial requirements were met, including environmental and social issues. It was beneficial for the development prototype, the implementation of parts on a draftsman working in 3D and "reads" directly from the benchmark virtual design. Thus saving time, materials (paper, toner, energy, etc..), without rejected components.

Studies had as objective aspects of knowledge processing, selection processes with reduced environmental impacts, the choice processes less energy, choosing materials technology with a low environmental impact, reducing waste.

The project, carried out by extensive documentation, brought to the fore material, technology, craft traditions, aesthetic finishes, functionality, with minimum negative impact on the environment. In the future we shall consider focusing on the use of traditional materials and technology

Study of materials in the environmental, technological, aesthetic, economic, creates the database required in the choice, by designers, of materials, technologies, finishing, to resolve both the consumer market and providing a life cycle environmental favorable. Such studies have been conducted on experimental aesthetic performance of wood finishes with aesthetic value, resulting only in the angle of cutting wood fiber. Experimental studies performed on wooden structures, using natural substances, have shown that wood can be processed into finished-colored variants of different colors with the help of plant respecting certain conditions of time, temperature, technology application, etc.

The documentation highlighted the role of integration in the design of eco-design rules, with the aim of optimizing decisions on direct implications for performance and environmental efficiency, the decisive factor in the approval of future products

The projects of students interested in issues of ecodesign have assumed product analyzed over the existing market, identifying strengths and weaknesses of them, to be able to intervene on the analised product and to transform it into a friendly environment product, through ecological approach.

Following these analysis, market tests, there were established the criterias of ecoprojecting of products (in terms of ecodesign). Were identified following paths of development of ecoproducts:

  • Virtual design;
  • furniture design elements by providing an increased emphasis to multiuse products;
  • use of assambly systems without additional assembly elements;
  • the use of assembly systems without metal assembly elements;
  • for SDV with high use in domestic fild, were identified new concepts for complex products that carry the functions of the respective families of tools;
  • in the automotive field, concepts have been proposed, involving the achievement of performance parameters with a minimal design, responding to a single goal: eg. pleasure to drive;
  • guidance in the automotive field through Ecodesign, resulted, creating a concept car designed to transport people to work, that concept was based on the use of eco-design principles: multiuse, saving material, resistant structures are solved by combining the optimal technology with the material and form, etc.;
  • creativity and ecodesign concept were found in designing a machine which environmental requirements for the urban traffic cars: shape, color, size, consumption, fuel type, steering system, maneuverability, etc.;
  • concerns of ecodesign found in completion of projects within the scope of license arrangements for interior firms, private housing type apartments, villas, clinics, hospital rooms, etc.;
  • have created various experiments on the structure of wood and the possibilities of hedging through the use of natural substances in order to achieve particular aesthetic effects, without the use of toxic materials. These experiments have led to the creation of mostrar finishing of natural wood.

It can be said that the concerns of the grant and knowledge gained in the research, led to the guidance of licensed projects by addressing these issues in a new light that is, creating products "friendly" for the environment.

The ecologycal issue was the main concern of the invesitgative area of reserch for the design specialisation, opening new perspercitves in developing ideas and concepts in the students work on areas of industrial design area and the ambient design, where the paths of development and research included various options for the equation (some images are rendered in these license). (HERE).

An important area is reached related environmental pollution. Here studies were extended from the external environment of the abuse of consumer vehicles, the wise use of the various constituent materials of the urban landscape and insight to the living environment inside the individual residential areas and public, with their constituent elements.

A positive role of research is the collaboration with the specialists in related fields chemistry, ecology, architecture, technology, and engineering These collaborations allow the expansion of areas involved in the research area of the grant.

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